Lesson 9: Conjunctions I

          Bismillah. This is the 9th lesson on “Tausug 101: Learning Bahasa Sug” by Anak Iluh. For lists of lessons, please go to: Lists of Lessons. There is a short quiz at the end of this lesson.

          In the previous lesson, we have learned the three noun markers “in”, “hi” and “hinda”. We have differentiated the three markers on how they are used as indicators of nouns (“in” for proper nouns and “hi/hinda” for common nouns). These three noun markers actually have their other form: they can also exist and function as conjunctions! In this lesson, we will discuss the conjunction forms of these three articles and their usage. Apparently, all of the three conjunctions we are about to tackle, are forms equivalent of the same, common term: the conjunction “of”.

The Conjunction “sin”

          The Tausug conjunction “sin” corresponds to the English conjunction “of” and the Tagalog “ng” which basically denotes possession. And just like the article “in”, “sin” is only used with common (improper) nouns or objects. Maybe we can say, “sin” is the conjunction form of “in”. Let us study the examples below:

Format: <Noun 1> + sin + <Noun 2>

Langguage	Example 1	Example 2
Tausug	Lawang sin báy.	Taumpa’ sin bagay ku.
Tagalog	Pintuan ng bahay.	Sapatos ng kaibigan ko.
English	(The) door of the house.	(The) shoe of my friend.

*NOTE: There are other forms and usage of the word “sin” in a sentence, but for now, we will only focus on this form.

          In Example 1, the first noun Lawang (Door) is followed by our conjunction “sin”; then by the second common noun Báy (House, which is a common noun). When this kind of word order happens (that is, “sin” is in between two nouns), the first noun or object <Noun 1> will basically become a part or property of the second noun or object <Noun 2>. This is what we mean by “possession”; Noun 1 is possessed by Noun 2. So in the example “Lawang sin báy”, we are informed that the object Lawang is indeed part of the common noun, Báy. 

          Same principles govern the second example, but in here we are now using a common, personal noun Bagay (Friend) instead of an object. The first noun Taumpa’ (Shoe) is a ‘possession’ of the second noun, Bagay.

Conjunctions “hi” and “hinda”

          Remember in lesson 8, we have discussed the primary forms of “hi” and “hinda” as noun markers. This time we will meet their other forms (although without changing spellings) as equivalents of the possessive conjunction “of”.  

          Also following their Noun-marker forms, the conjunctions “hi” and “hinda” are both used with proper nouns (esp. names of persons) or identified objects only. And because they also function as equivalents of the conjunction “of”, they also denote possession. These two are the same as the Tagalog conjunctions “ni” and “nina”. Here are a few examples:

Also following the same format:

<Noun 1> + hi + <Name 2> for singular n.

<Noun 1> + hinda + <Name 2> for plural n.

Langguage	Singular	Plural
Tausug	Báy hi Omar.	Bagay hinda Sandra.
Tagalog	Bahay ni Omar.	Kaibigan nina Sandra.
English	(The) house of Omar.	(A) Friend of Sandra (and others).

The Noun Markers “in”, “hi” and “hinda”

Bismillah. This is the 9th lesson on “Tausug 101: Learning Bahasa Sug” by Anak Iluh. For lists of lessons, please go to: Lists of Lessons.

In constructing simple sentences in Bahasa Sug (which we will be discussing soon, in sha Allah), we need to know how NOUNS in a sentence are identified. There are, in fact, a number of noun markers that exists in Bahasa Sug. These are articles that let us know whether the one being identified as a subject or a direct object in a conversation is indeed a noun. In this lesson, we will introduce the first three Noun Markers: In, Hi and Hinda (as the name suggests, any words following these 3 markers are always considered to be “nouns”).

The Article “In”

The Tausug article “In” is the equivalent of the English articles “The” and “a/an”. It is almost always used before the “object” it is identifying (the noun). Article “In” is usually followed by improper nouns—nouns that are not absolutely identified or named—and can be used both for subjects and objects of the verb. Let’s see the sentence construction below:

As indicator of subject:

Báy	House
In báy	The House
In báy malingkat.	The House is beautiful.

                

As indicator of direct object:

In báy	The house
Kiyta’ ku in báy.	I saw the house.

The Tausug article “In” can also be used as the verb-to-be “is” in a sentence, such as:

Mastal	Teacher
In mastal	The teacher
Siya in mastal.	He is the teacher.

And even as indicator of the “doer” of the verb:

Nagbayta’	Told; (p.t. of bayta’, “tell”)
…in nagbayta’ káku’…	…the one who told me...
Hi Ahmad in nagbayta’ káku’.	Ahmad is the one who told me.
(An exception: in this example, the article “In” follows a verb instead of a noun)

It will be observed, that the role of the article “In” is greatly affected by the kind of VERBS that are being used in a sentence. We will be discussing this in our upcoming Lessons in Tausug Verbs (Lesson 12 onwards) in sha Allah.

Articles “Hi” and “Hinda”

Another pair of Tausug articles important to be learned is the two Personal Noun Markers: “Hi” and its plural form, “Hinda”. They have almost the same function as the article “In”—identifying nouns either as subjects, objects or doers of the verb. But these two articles are used only with Proper names, particularly names of people (including the ‘people-callings’ like mother, father, uncle, etc.).

Numbers 100 to 1000 and beyond!

              Bismillah. This is the 3rd Bonus lesson for “Tausug 101: Learning Bahasa Sug” by Anak Iluh. For lists of lessons, please go to: Lists of Lessons.

[Update! Don't forget to watch the video at the end of this post! There is also a playable audio and a downloadable mp3 file for this! Salam kasilasa! -T101 team]

             Last time we have introduced the Tausug Numbers and the rules in naming numbers from 1-99. Now, we will go higher up the ladder and talk about naming numbers from 100 to 1000 and beyond! Sounds numerous to learn…

            Let us start by introducing the names of the Hundreds and the Thousands.

THE HUNDREDS (Gatusan)

One Hundred (100)	Hanggatus
Two Hundred (200)	Duwanggatus
Three Hundred (300)	Tuwnggatus
Four Hundred (400)	Upat ngagatus
Five Hundred (500)	Limanggatus
Six Hundred (600)	Unum ngagatus
Seven Hundred (700)	Pitunggatus
Eight Hundred (800)	Walunggatus
Nine Hundred (900)	Siyam ngagatus

(Note that Hundreds in Tausug always end with –nggatus or –ngagatus. Listen to the audio files for the proper pronunciations. Keep practicing on these terms.)

THE THOUSANDS (Ibuhan)

One Thousand (1000)	Ha’ngibu or Hangibu
Two Thousand (2000)	Duwa ngaibu
Three Thousand (3000)	Tuw ngaibu
Four Thousand (4000)	Upat ngaibu
Five Thousand (5000)	Lima ngaibu
Six Thousand (6000)	Unum ngaibu
Seven Thousand (7000)	Pitu ngaibu
Eight Thousand (8000)	Walu ngaibu
Nine Thousand (9000)	Siyam ngaibu

(Note that Thousands in Tausug always end with –ngaibu. Listen to the audio files for the proper pronunciations. Keep practicing on these terms.)

Okay…The Tausug Numbers from 100 to 1000 above are really exhausting to pronounce at first try. Just like the other lessons we had, it all takes practice to master them all. Just remember that –gatus is for “Hundreds” and –ibu or –ngaibu is for “Thousands”. The rules in counting them is either EASIER or HARDER, depending on how we look at it.

Counting numbers 100-1000

LESSON 7: The Pronouns III (Oblique Form)

                Bismillah. This is the 7th lesson on “Tausug 101: Learning Bahasa Sug” by Anak Iluh. For lists of lessons, please go to: Lists of Lessons.


                We are done with the first two forms of pronouns in Bahasa Sug: the Nominative (lesson 5) and the Genitive (lesson 6) pronouns. Today, we will discuss the third and last form of pronouns: the Oblique form.
                Oblique Pronouns are also known as “Independent, Possessive Pronouns”. These are another form of possessive pronouns (which state ownership) like the genitive pronouns; but they are able to stand on their own (thus the name independent) and are also used as subject of the verb in a sentence. Here are the Oblique Pronouns in Bahasa Sug:

OBLIQUE PRONOUNS    (INDEPENDENT, POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS)  in BAHASA SUG
1st Person (speaker)	Singular	Káku’
	Dual	Kátu’
	Plural (including the listener)	Kátu’ niyu
	Plural (excluding the listener)	Kámu’
2nd Person (to listener)	Singular	Kaymu
	Plural	Kaniyu
3rd Person (absent)	Singular	Kaniya
	Plural	Kanila

(Please try to compare this table with the previous tables given in lessons 5 and 6)

                This is the equivalent of Tagalog Language’s “Sa Akin, Sa Iyo, Sa Kaniya…” and the English’s “Mine, Yours, Him/Hers, and Theirs”. Examples in Tausug conversation:

As expressing possession:

                Káku’ in kahawa ini.                       This coffee is mine.
                Kaymu in tinapay.                           The bread is yours.
                In mga saying yaun, kanila.        Those bananas are theirs.
                (Note: This lesson was made while the author is feeling hungry, really hungry.=)

And as subject of the verb:

Miyadtu aku kanila.       =      I went to them. (kanila is the subject of the verb miyadtu)
Nagbayta’ siya káku’     =        He said to me. (kaku’, “me” is the direct object of the verb    nagbayta, “was told”)

                Because there is nothing left to explain, this will end our lesson number 7. For more examples and new Tausug words for your vocabulary, pls go to the download link below and click download. Keep inviting more friends to learn Bahasa Sug with you. It’s more fun if you have a partner :-)

                Here’s another short Tausug conversation (Pagsambung-laung) to better understand how these pronouns are used:

Pagsambung-Laung III              [NEEDS EDITING! NEEDS NEW EXAMPLE!!!] 

o

o

o

o

o

o

You can listen to this conversation in the audio files provided.

Till next Thursday. Salam kasilasa!           

-Anak Iluh

Counting Numbers 1-99 (Umbulan)

              Assalamu Alaykum. This is the 2nd Bonus lesson for “Tausug 101: Learning Bahasa Sug” by Anak Iluh. For lists of lessons, please go to: Lists of Lessons.

[Update! Don't forget to watch the video at the end of this post! There is also a playable audio and a downloadable mp3 file for this! Salam kasilasa! -T101 team]

              Counting numbers in Bahasa Sug is as easy as 1-2-3! :-) We’ll start with the names of numbers 1-10 and also the other groups of tens (20, 30, 40, and so on). And then we’ll talk about the rules in naming numbers. (listen to the audio file for this lesson, download link provided below)

Numbers 1 to 10

One (1)	Isa (Hambuuk*)
Two (2)	Duwa
Three (3)	Tuw
Four (4)	Upat
Five (5)	Lima
Six (6)	Unum
Seven (7)	Pitu
Eight (8)	Walu
Nine (9)	Siyam
Ten (10)	Hangpu’

The Group of Tens

Twenty (20)	Kawhaan or Kawaan
Thirty (30)	Katluan
Forty (40)	Ka’patan
Fifty (50)	Kay’man
Sixty (60)	Ka’numan
Seventy (70)	Kapituhan
Eighty (80)	Kawaluhan
Ninety (90)	Kasiyáman
One Hudred (100)	Hanggatus

Here are the rules in naming:

100 Tausug Words

Bismillah.

It's already 1 month since our first post (I little more than one actually), and Alhamdulillah the Blog is doing well. And to somehow review all the new Tausug Words we have prepared a 100 TAUSUG WORD LIST. these are all the new Tausug words we have introduced for the first month.

(Sorry for being unable to reply to emails lately, My schedules are becoming more and more hectic these days. But Alhamdulillah we are still doing good in terms of posts hehe.)

Here's the link for the 100 Tausug Words of the month.

LESSON 6: The Pronouns II (Genitive Form)

          Bismillah. This is the 5th lesson on “Tausug 101: Learning Bahasa Sug” by Anak Iluh. For lists of lessons, please go to: Lists of Lessons.

          In this lesson, we will discuss the second form of pronouns found in Bahasa Sug: the Genitive Pronouns. Hmm, the word “genitive” seems so foreign to us, so we will use the other user-friendly name of it: The Dependent, Possessive Pronouns.

          Possessive Pronouns, as the name suggests, are those pronouns used to indicate ‘possession’ of an object: be it a thing, a person, or anything that can be owned (even action and dreams!) by the subject. There are two kinds of possessive pronouns: dependent and independent. Genitive pronouns are the “dependent, possessive pronouns” because they cannot stand alone. The following are the Genitive Pronouns found in Bahasa Sug:

GENITIVE PRONOUNS   (DEPENDENT, POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS) in BAHASA SUG
1st Person (speaker)	Singular	Ku
	Dual	Ta/Natu
	Plural (including the listener)	Natu’
	Plural (excluding the listener)	Namu’
2nd Person (to listener)	Singular	Mu
	Plural	Niyu
3rd Person (absent)	Singular	Niya
	Plural	Nila

(Try to compare this table with the one we have in Lesson 5)

            Because these pronouns are ‘dependent’, they cannot basically stand alone nor are they used as subjects in a sentence. They are ALWAYS preceded by the object (the possession) of the subject. Examples:

Báy ku               =             My House

Báy ta/natu’      =             Our house (inclusive)

Báy namu’        =             Our house (exclusive)

Báy mu             =             Your house (singular)

Báy niyu           =             Your house (Plural)

Báy niya           =             His/Her house

Báy nila           =             Their House

            Try experimenting with these pronouns and the other Tausug Words we have learned so far. Remember that the <object> always comes before the <genitive pronoun>.

            On another case, we will also learn that these same pronouns are used to refer to the <actor> of a verb. I am still consulting the experts as to what is this ‘relationship’ called. This happens when the genitive pronouns above are preceded by <actions> instead of <objects>. We will learn more about this when we reach the Lessons on Verbs. Here are some examples:

            Kiyta’ ku hi Sulayman.             I saw Sulayman. (Ku here is the actor of the verb Kiyta’,“saw”)
            Hain in kiyawa’ mu?                Which one did you took? (mu is actor of kiyawa’, “took”)            
            Piyanaw nila in jambatan.          They walked to the wharf. (nila is the actor of piyanaw, “walked”)

            This is not limited to past tenses of verbs only as it also appears in verbs in present tense. We will try to discuss this later on for the “advance learners” only and will be discussing about them further in the VERBS, in shaa Allah. Beginners in Bahasa Sug can focus in the dependent, possessive form only.

This ends our 6th lesson.

Try to check the Download files we have in our Download page :-)

Till next week, Salam Kasilasa!
Anak Iluh